Consumer Behavior: define and explain the relationship between total utility, marginal utility, and the law of diminishing marginal utility

Consumer Behavior

  • Discuss price elasticity of demand and how it is calculated.
  • Explain the usefulness of the total revenue test for price elasticity of demand.
  • List the factors that affect price elasticity of demand and describe some applications of price elasticity of demand.
  • Describe price elasticity of supply and how it can be applied.
  • Apply cross elasticity of demand and income elasticity of demand.
  • Define and explain the relationship between total utility, marginal utility, and the law of diminishing marginal utility.
  • Describe how rational consumers maximize utility by comparing the marginal utility-to-price ratios of all the products they could possibly purchase.
  • Explain how a demand curve can be derived by observing the outcomes of price changes in the utility-maximization model.
  • Discuss how the utility-maximization model helps highlight the income and substitution effects of a price change.
  • Give examples of several real-world phenomena that can be explained by applying the theory of consumer behavior.
  • Relate how the indifference curve model of consumer behavior derives demand curves from budget lines, indifference curves, and utility maximization.
  • Define behavioral economics and explain how it contrasts with neoclassical economics.
  • Discuss the evidence for the brain being modular, computationally restricted, reliant on heuristics, and prone to various forms of cognitive error.
  • Relate how prospect theory helps to explain many consumer behaviors, including framing effects, mental accounting, anchoring, loss aversion, and the endowment effect.
  • Describe how time inconsistency and myopia cause people to make suboptimal long-run decisions.
  • Define fairness and give examples of how it affects behavior in the economy and in the dictator and ultimatum games.