Does international trade cause faster economic growth and higher per-capita incomes, is it the other was around, or is there no significant correlation?

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  • Does international trade cause faster economic growth and higher per-capita incomes, is it the other was around, or is there no significant correlation?
  • What are the main arguments for and against the causal connection between international trade, per-capita income, and economic growth?
  • What does the research on the actual evidence, e.g., the meta-analysis by Lewer & van den Berg, prove or imply?