How does the emergence of non-state actors (like ngos, cities, markets, and regional organizations) challenge traditional ideas about sovereignty?

(Devote around 200 or so words per each prompt)

1. How does the emergence of non-state actors (like ngos, cities, markets, and regional organizations) challenge traditional ideas about sovereignty?

2. How do Institutions (IGO/Regional) change outcomes in the international system?

3. In what ways do norms and culture shape power dynamics in the international system? (gender norms as example, focus on core/periphery)

4. Cities, markets, Regional organizations all center around the theme of capital governance. In what ways does capital structure international society and culture?