Canadian government departments were recently given the capability to carry out active cyber operations, that is actions in cyberspace that cause effects in other nations (as opposed to defensive cyber operations or cyber espionage). The process for carrying out such active cyber operations is complex and untested. The USA, on the other hand, has developed a policy of strategic engagement in cyberspace, that is they constantly act to control and shape the activities of adversaries.
Compare and contrast the above two views of how to be an active presence in cyberspace.